Steam-generator



(NJModeL) G. A. KARWIESE.

STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 365,820, Patented July 5, 1887.

4. Farms. Photo-When Wahhgim n a UN TED STATES PATENT Urrrcn.

GUSTAVUS A. KARWIESE, F LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

. SPBCIPICATIONJor-ming part of Letters Patent No. 365,820, dated July 5, 1887.

Application filed November 5, 1886. Serial No. 218,067.

wIEsE, of Louisville. in the county of Jefferson and State of Kentucky, have invented cen tain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Generators; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which ,will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the let tors of reference marked thereon, which form part of this specification.

My invention has relation to new and useful improvementsin the construction of steamgenerators, and is peculiarly applicable to the locomotive type, wherein provision is made for a supply of heated air to be delivered directly at the point or points where it will be most effectual in furnishing the necessary oxygen for the combustion of the liberated gases thrown off as the coal used for fuel becomes incandescent, by means of which the formation of smoke is almost entirely avoided and the amount of fuel materially decreased. The peculiar form of the boiler combines simplicity of construction, durability, compactness, and entire safety from explosion. It is cheap in first cost and readily repaired.

The objects of my invention may-be stated as follows: To secure a more perfect combustion with the furnace, which is effected by means of a passage or air-duct leading from the front of the boiler to the bridge-wall, the air is drawn in'from the front of the smokebox into a chamber, from whence it is conveyed to the bridge-wall and into the furnace through inlets, where it is directed over the fuel and comlningled with the heavier and more carbonaceous products of combustion, the draft being assisted by means of the rapid motion of the engine and the suction force of the ex hanst, the heat of the exhaust-pipe warming the tube admitting the air.

Second. To so form the boiler that it will have the same capacity and an enlarged gratesurface and combustion-chamber.

Third. To so form the fire-chamber as to receive a lining of corrugated fire-brick without lessening the dimensions of the combustionchamberaand to furnish means of an additional supply of heated air to the fuel.

(No model.)

Fourth. To provide the fire-chamber with an arch having deflecting inclined surfaces, whereby the gases are retarded and held longer in contact with the consuming incandescent fuel, and at the same time have a free and gradual escape to the secondary combustion-chant her, where they are again met with a fresh supply of heated air and intermixed combustible gases in such a manner as to cause them to give up the heat to the generating-s11 rface of the boilers.

Fifth. The arrangement of the circulatingpipes,which are also designed for the support of the arch, which is made out of fireclay or other refractory material, and which is incapable of its own support.

Sixth. The formation of a perforated. corrugated diaphragm in the smoke box, whose sides are designed to break up the cinders and form a spark-arrester or screen to prevent the escape of thesparks, and at the same time leave an easy access for smoke to the uptake through a longitudinal perforation.

Seventh. In the formation of the shell of the combustion chamber, whereby all the parts are designed to be curved in such a manner that the resistance of the shell to explosion and collapse is increased, at the same time lessening the cost of construction by dispensing with a large number of stay bolts heretofore used, all of which will be hereinafter more full y described.

Now it is well known by practical furnacemen that a sufficient quantity of cold air to support combustion is commonly introduced through the furnace-door and grate-bar, and that this cold air is admitted in large volumes. It is also Well known that the volumes of cold air produce a chilling effect on the flame, and consequently a diminished amount of evaporative duty. Now, to avoid the evil effects just enumerated, and to prevent the passage of a current of cold air above the fire, and to also secure a better diffusion, regulation, and admixture of the heated air with the uncon sumed hydrocarbureted gases over the fires and in the flamechamber, and the development of all the heat that can be produced are the main objects of'my invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of my boiler. Fig.

2 is a horizontal section taken on the line y y,

ICQ

the boiler.

Fig.1. Fig.3is ahorizontalseetion of the boiler, taken above the arch-tube supports, showing the tubes and the corrugated fire-liningin position. Fig. 4 is a view of a modified form of boiler substantially embodying the same principle of that shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the firebox, showing the archsupporting tubes, arch, and central water circulating and supporting tube, thelatter being in section. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the boiler,

taken on the line as m, Fig. 1, showing the steam and water separating pi pe for dry steam and the air-duet at the bottom of the boiler below the tubes; and Fig. 7 is an end view of the smoke box and valve for supplying air to the duct that feeds the furnace with air with the steam-pipe inside.

Referring to the drawings by letters, A is the fire-box end of the boiler,which forms the segment ofa circle, and which isin every direction larger than the barrel of the boiler.

B is the cylindrical or tubular portion of The fire-box end and tubular end of the boiler when joined are T-shaped in longitudinal section, the portion A evolving a large volume of heat-,while the portion B takes it up and transmits to the water, generating a large volume of steam.

. O is the steam and water separator for conveying the dry steam to the dome.

D is the corrugated diaphragm or spark-arrester, forming a hexagonal section, which diaphragm is made of steel sections and de signed to break up the large cinders and sparks, and at the same time give access for the escape of smoke. This is an important feature I of the invention,

Within the firebox I arrange transversely two or more tubes, a a, at suchan angle as to form a trough in the center, and beneath such center I locate another supporting-tube, b, at right angles with the inclined transverse tubes above it, thus making a rigid support for the fire tile or arch c, which is preferably made up of sections, and which are provided with holes or perforations for the supply of hot air in the secondary combustion-chambers. Each and all of the cross-tubes in the fire-box are set at an inclination for the purpose of circulation and precipitating the mud, sediment, and foreign matters to the mud-ring in the water by the boiler, from where they can be blown off. The importance of circulation in steamgenerators cannot be too deeply impressed on the minds of engineers.

As before stated, the fire-box is made up of sections curved in form, and in this instance flaring at the bottom in the form of an ogee, which gives ample space for the firetile without decreasing the firechambers. The fire-tile (Z is corrugated on the sides next to the boiler-sheet, the object being to permit a free supply of atmospheric air to the gases evolved over the fire-bed, which supply, combined with the airsupply from the front ofthe boiler, impinges on the flame from different sides, disintegrates it, and mixes with it in due equivalent proportions, resulting in com-- pleted combustion.

It is well known that round or curvedjoints are much more durable than angular joints or plates; hence the variable expansion or contraction does not affect these as it does rectangula-r joints. Furthermore, the resistance to inward and outer strain is greater, the advantages being altogether in favor of the curved plates.

On the front end of the smoke-box I locate an air-chamber, E, having a perforated front, 0, and a valved register, f, capable of operation from the cab of the engine. This airbox Ehas a bifurcated branch tube, h h, which terminates in an airtube, H, which conveys air to the bridge-wall-first,through a heating-chamber, I, from which it 'is distributed through the interstices in the fire-tile lining d to the gases above the fire.

In order to heat the air passing through the conduit from the front to the rear of the fireehamber, I locate a crosspipe, ii, leading from the exhaust-nozzle to a pipe, G, iuclosed within the air-conduits H, which pipe terminates in a branch pipe fitted to spray the jet of steam into the hot-air chamber I, where it becomes superheated before entering the firechamber with the air. This steam not only heats the incoming air, but also induces a current, and inasmuch as the supply is intermitducing a better admixture of the combustible element, and hence a more complete combustion.

I find by experiment that the circulatingpipes provided with branches or nibsj can be better and more easily secured than in the old way, and hence I prefer to use them. (See Fig. 4..)

To control the inflow of air through the airtube, the usual rod, bell-crank, and links may be used, as circumstances may require.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a steam-generator, the combination of a cylindrical tubular shell with a semi-cylindrical fire-box, the sides of the latter being secured to the end of the former in such manner that the said sides extend beyond the tubular shell on either side downwardly and outwardly and are curved substantially in the form shown and described.

2. The combination of a transverse semicylindrical shell with the cylindrical tubular shell, the former having a laterally-extended fire-box and water-legs provided with transverse circulating-pipes arranged in an inclined position, for the purpose described.

3. A steam-generator of the locomotive type, preferably cylindrical in cross-section, consisting of a tubular section and a fire-box section, the upper portion of the latter being-semi-cypurposes set forth and described.

4. A steam-generator consisting of two cylindrlcal sections, as described, arranged at right angles to each other, the end of one abutting the side of the other, whereby a cruciform or T-shaped boiler is formed, one of said sections having tubes and a smoke-box, the other having a fire-box, in combination with the circulating-tubes arranged at right angles to each and the double inclined firearch, as set forth.

5. The combination, with asteam-generator, such as described, of the transverse and longitudinal circulatingpipes inclined as shown, the double inclined perforated fire-arch supported by said tubes, and the outwardly curved and enlarged fire-box, all operating as set forth.

6. The combination, with a steam-generator of the character shown, of the circulating-pipes and fire-arch, the corrugated fire-lining being arranged in such manner that the hot air passing up and through said corrugation is de flected to the gases by said arch, as set forth.

7. The combination, with a locomotive boiler, of the curved flaring fire box, such. as described, the circulating-pipes, the perforated arch, and the corrugated fire-lining having the corrugations on the face abutting the boilerplate, all arranged in such manner as to cause the air to be heated, deflected, and intimately mixed with the gases evolved from the fuel, substantially as described.

8. A steam-generator having the curved flaring fire-box, the corrugated fire-lining,the circulating supporting-tubes, and the fire-arch inclined as shown, in combination with the air-heating supply-tubes from the front ofthe boiler, in the manner and for the purpose described.

9. The combination, with the furnace, ofa steam generator having the curved flaring water-leg fire-box, as shown, the air-chamber in front of the'smoke-box, the air-conveying tube, and the perforated fire-lining and arch, arranged in such manner that heated air is supplied and distributed to the gases evolved from the fuel, whereby a more perfect combustion is had, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination, with the fire-box of a locomotive, of the air-chamber located on the smoke-box, provided with a perforated plate and controlling-valve, the conveying-duct,the air-chamber in'the rear of the furnace, and the perforated fire-brick, all arranged to operate in the manner set forth.

11. The combination of the fire-box of a locomotive with the front air-supply duct having front and back chambers and the exhauststeam heating and distributing pipe located within said duct for heating air and inducing a current, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination, with the smoke-box of a locomotive, of the hexagonallyshaped corrugated diaphragm so arranged as to break the cinders and arrest the sparks, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

Witnesses: I

F. R. HARDING, J OHN N. OLIVER. 

